Titanium Dioxide
Anatase, Brookite
Chemistry
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Miscellaneous
- Family: Opacifier
- Region: North America
- Mined At: Unspecified
- Raw Mineral: No
- Generic: Yes
Notes
Titania is manufactured mainly by digesting ilmenite ore in sulfuric acid, separating hydrous titanium dioxide obtained through thermal hydrolysis. It is then purifying, treating and calcining the hydrous oxide and milling. Rutile ore and titanium slag obtained from the electric furnace melting of titaniferous iron ore also are starting materials. Titanium is also made from anatase and brookite, natural TiO2 ores. It is an abundant in the sense that it occurs in many silicates in nature, accounting for over 1% of the earth's crust.
Titanium is widely used in glazes as an opacifier and an additive to enliven the color and texture. In moderate amounts it encourages strong melts, durable surfaces and rich visual textures. Titanium is rarely used in amounts above 8% for this results in dry surfaces marked with pinholes.
Titanium is the strongest white pigment known due to its opacity and high refractive index. Two principle types of titanium are available according to two crystal structures of anatase and rutile. Minor types are adapted to specific uses (i.e. pigmentary and non-pigmentary, bacteria controlled for cosmetics and toiletries). The rutile type has the greater opacity. Titanium is available both as raw and surface treated products.
Non-pigmentary grades which flow more freely in the dry state are is used to produce the most important ceramic finish coat the sheet metal products. Self opacified enamels are made by adding titanium during smelting to super saturation. Upon firing the enamel, the titanium crystallizes or precipitates.
Titania has been used for dry process enameling on cast iron appliances. It is used in glazes to affect acid resistance, color and texture (i.e. unusual semimatte and textured finishes, crystallized self-opacified glazes, to impart various colors). In glass, non-pigmentary titanium dioxide increases refractive index, intensifies color glasses.
Major Suppliers:
TRONOX CR-800, CR-813, CR-821, CR-822: Paint and coatings Titanium surface treated products. Kerr-McGee Chemical, Box 25861, Dept 911, OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 73125 405-270-1313
TITANIUM DIOXIDE #3328 Food Grade: Whittaker, Clark & Daniels, 1000 Coolidge Street, South Plainfield, NJ 07080-1000
TITANIUM DIOXIDE: Ferro Corp, Transelco Div, Box 217, PENN YEN, NY 14527 315-536-3357
TITANOX: 2140 Sun Life Building, MONTREAL, Quebec H3B 2X8 514-866-2401
Bibliography:
Tom Buck, Ceramic Industry Materials Databook.
Properties
Glaze Opacifier - White
Titanium is a crystalline mineral and encourages crystal development during cooling and freezing of the glaze melt. This generally produces opacity. However, titanium opacified glazes have a much different character than zircon or tin types. The latter produces a much more even and bright white coloration. When used as an opacifier the batch amount can range to 10% or more of the recipe.Surface Modifier - Matte
Titanium can be used in glazes to produce a matte surface with increasing amounts of crystallization in amounts up to 25%. The effect works in most stoneware glazes and is best when the glaze is slow cooled.Surface Modifier - Variegation
Smaller amounts of titanium dioxide (i.e. 5%) added to colored or opacified recipes can variegate the surface and make it more interesting (e.g. it alters the shape of crystals, shade of colors).
Data
- Melting Point (MP): 1830C
- Specific Gravity: 4.26
- Hardness (Moh): 6.5
- Hardness (Moh): 6.5
- Specific Gravity: 4.26
- Melting Point (MP): 1830C
URLs
- Interesting deposit in South America - http://www.inminex.com/
Suppliers
- Ferro Corporation
- Kerr-McGee Corporation
- Whittaker Clark & Daniels Inc
Authors
- Tony Hansen (Owner)
XML
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<material name="Titanium Dioxide" descrip="Anatase, Brookite" generic="1" rawmineral="0" searchkey="" loi="0.00">
<families>
<family name="Opacifier"/>
</families>
<regions>
<region name="North America"/>
</regions>
<oxides>
<oxide symbol="TiO2" name="Titanium Dioxide, Titania" status="U" percent="100.000" tolerance=""/>
</oxides>
<suppliers>
<supplier name="Ferro Corporation" country="US" url="http://www.ferro.com" label=""/>
<supplier name="Kerr-McGee Corporation" country="00" url="http://www.kerr-mcgee.com" label=""/>
<supplier name="Whittaker Clark & Daniels Inc" country="US" url="www.wcdinc.com" label=""/>
</suppliers>
<notes>
<note>Titania is manufactured mainly by digesting ilmenite ore in sulfuric acid, separating hydrous titanium dioxide obtained through thermal hydrolysis. It is then purifying, treating and calcining the hydrous oxide and milling. Rutile ore and titanium slag obtained from the electric furnace melting of titaniferous iron ore also are starting materials. Titanium is also made from anatase and brookite, natural TiO2 ores. It is an abundant in the sense that it occurs in many silicates in nature, accounting for over 1% of the earth\'s crust.
Titanium is widely used in glazes as an opacifier and an additive to enliven the color and texture. In moderate amounts it encourages strong melts, durable surfaces and rich visual textures. Titanium is rarely used in amounts above 8% for this results in dry surfaces marked with pinholes.
Titanium is the strongest white pigment known due to its opacity and high refractive index. Two principle types of titanium are available according to two crystal structures of anatase and rutile. Minor types are adapted to specific uses (i.e. pigmentary and non-pigmentary, bacteria controlled for cosmetics and toiletries). The rutile type has the greater opacity. Titanium is available both as raw and surface treated products.
Non-pigmentary grades which flow more freely in the dry state are is used to produce the most important ceramic finish coat the sheet metal products. Self opacified enamels are made by adding titanium during smelting to super saturation. Upon firing the enamel, the titanium crystallizes or precipitates.
Titania has been used for dry process enameling on cast iron appliances. It is used in glazes to affect acid resistance, color and texture (i.e. unusual semimatte and textured finishes, crystallized self-opacified glazes, to impart various colors). In glass, non-pigmentary titanium dioxide increases refractive index, intensifies color glasses.
Major Suppliers:
TRONOX CR-800, CR-813, CR-821, CR-822: Paint and coatings Titanium surface treated products. Kerr-McGee Chemical, Box 25861, Dept 911, OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 73125 405-270-1313
TITANIUM DIOXIDE #3328 Food Grade: Whittaker, Clark & Daniels, 1000 Coolidge Street, South Plainfield, NJ 07080-1000
TITANIUM DIOXIDE: Ferro Corp, Transelco Div, Box 217, PENN YEN, NY 14527 315-536-3357
TITANOX: 2140 Sun Life Building, MONTREAL, Quebec H3B 2X8 514-866-2401
Bibliography:
Tom Buck, Ceramic Industry Materials Databook.</note>
</notes>
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<testitem testname="0" value="6.5"/>
<testitem testname="0" value="4.26"/>
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